Monday, 3 April 2017

Microsoft Access Shortcut Keys for Data Entry and Navigation

Provided by: Molly Pell, Technical Project Manager

If you’ve ever used Microsoft Access forms to enter any quantity of data, you know how tedious and time consuming it can be. If you enter data regularly, becoming familiar with data entry and navigation shortcuts can save you significant time and effort.

You’re probably aware of some of the basic shortcut keys, and hopefully use them regularly:

[Tab] sets focus to the next field.
[Ctrl]+[Enter] inserts a new line in multi-line controls.
[Ctrl]+[C] copies the selected text onto the clipboard.
[Ctrl]+[X] cuts the selected text, and put it on the clipboard.
[Ctrl]+[V] pastes the clipboard contents.
[Ctrl]+[F] opens the Find dialog.
[Ctrl]+[Z] undoes the last action.
[Ctrl]+[A] selects all text in the current field.
[Shift]+[F2] opens zoom box to edit the current field in its own, larger, dialog box.
[Spacebar] toggles the value of a check box or option button.
[F7] checks spelling.
[Esc] undoes changes to the current field or the current record (press [Esc] twice to undo both).

Don’t Type When Access Does it For You


[Ctrl]+[;] inserts the current date.
This is invaluable if you keep historical records, or include the date in any notes or other fields in your database. It not only saves time, but ensures data accuracy and keeps you from having to remember the date.
[Ctrl]+[:] inserts the current time.
Like the Insert Date shortcut, this feature can save more time than you realize, and it also helps to keep your data accurate.
[Ctrl]+['] inserts the value from the same field in the previous record.
When you need to enter several records consecutively, you probably find that many of the fields are the same from record to record. Using the clipboard to copy data can help, but you may need to enter several fields of duplicate information (your name in one field, the date in another field, and some generic comments in a third). Use this shortcut to insert the same field’s value from the previous record.
[Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Spacebar] inserts the default value for the current field.
This comes in handy when you start typing, and then realize that you should have kept the default.


Don’t Use the Mouse When You Can Use the Keyboard

[Ctrl]+Arrow key combinations speed up navigation
[Ctrl]+[Left/Right Arrow] moves you to the beginning of the last/next word.
[Ctrl]+[Up/Down Arrow] moves you to the beginning of the last/next paragraph.
[Shift] +Arrow key combinations select text
[Shift]+[Left/Right Arrow] selects one letter.
[Shift]+[Up/Down Arrow] selects one line.
[Ctrl]+ [Shift]+[Left/Right Arrow] selects a word.
[Ctrl]+ [Shift]+[Up/Down Arrow] selects a paragraph.
[F2] switches between Edit mode and Navigation mode
Edit mode displays the insertion point. Navigation mode hides the insertion point, and selects the entire field. When in Navigation mode, use the arrow keys to move between fields.
[F4] opens a combo box or list box
Use this keyboard shortcut to drop down the list, and then use the arrow keys to select a value from the list.
[Ctrl]+[+] adds a new record
[Ctrl]+[-] deletes the current record
[Shift]+[Enter] saves the current record
Switching records also saves the data, but it’s a good idea to save frequently, especially if you’re entering a lot of data.
[Ctrl]+[PgUp] goes to the previous record
[Ctrl]+[PgDn] goes to the next record

Database Window and Searching

From anywhere in MS Access:

[Alt]+[Ctrl]+[F] go to the Search box of the Navigation Pane
[F11] to toggle (open or hide) the database window
[Alt]+[F11] switch between VBA module editor and database
[Ctrl]+[F4] close the currently open object (tabs)
[Ctrl]+[F6] cycle between open objects (tabs)
From the database window:

[F2] to rename the current object
[F12] to save the current object as a new name


Saturday, 25 March 2017

CorelDRAW History

Corel Corporation developed and released a software program called CorelDRAW, a vector graphics editor. The software is a robust graphics suite, providing many features for users to edit graphics. These features include contrast adjustment, color balancing, adding special effects like borders to images, and it is capable of working with multiple layers and multiple pages.
CorelDraw was originally released in January of 1989, running on the Windows 2.x operating system. Today, the software is still used by many people, with the latest version, X6, being released on March 20, 2012. CorelDRAW is primarily designed for the Windows operating system. There were several releases for Mac OS and Mac OS X, but poor sales resulted in the discontinuation of those versions. There was also a port to Linux in 2000, requiring a modified version of Wine to run the software.

CorelDraw 101: Basic Toolbox

What is an object? 
In CorelDraw, an object is any item you create or import into your document. It may be a rectangle, a circle, text, a photograph. All work in CorelDraw is done through selecting an object. Various effects can be applied to an object depending on the type of object and the tool you have selected. For this tutorial, choose the Rectangle Tool and create a rectangle. (See Rectangle Tool tutorial in this series.)
Pick Tool Selection 
Choose the Pick Tool from the Toolbox and click on the rectangle. Note the 8 square "handles" that surround the square. These handles indicate that the object is active. You can resize the rectangle proportionately by clicking and dragging on the corner handles. The side handles resize only in one direction. 


Move Object
Click and drag anywhere on a filled object, or on the outline of an object that has no fill to move. Release mouse button when object is in desired position. Click anywhere off the rectangle to deselect.

Rotate Object

Double click on the rectangle. Note how the handles change to double-ended arrows. This indicates that the object can be rotated or skewed. Click and drag on corner handles to rotate. Press the CTRL key while you rotate to constrain the rotation to 15 degree increments. Note the target-like icon in the middle of the rectangle when the rotate selection is active. Click and drag this icon to change the point of rotation. Click off the rectangle to deselect.
Skew Object 
Double click on the rectangle and the double-ended selection arrows will appear. Click and drag on one of the side handles to skew the rectangle. Release mouse button when desired effect is created.
Shape Tool Selection
Delete the distorted rectangle. Draw a new rectangle. Choose the Shape Tool from the Toolbox and click on the rectangle. Note the selection now appears as four corner handles and dotted lines. This indicates that the object is active with the Shape Tool. Click and drag on one of the corner handles. Note how the corners become round. The Shape Tool and Pick Tool have very different functions with objects. 
Node Selection 
Choose the Freehand Tool from the Toolbox. Click and drag to create a curved line. (See Freehand Tool tutorial.) Release the mouse button. Choose the Shape Tool. There should be three or four blank squares along the line. These are nodes, and can be moved individually. Click on a node. Note how it becomes black, indicating that this node is active. The dotted lines coming from the node control the shape of the line (see next step). Drag the selected node a short way. Note how the line shape changes. 
Controlling Curves
Click and drag the handle at the end of the dotted line coming from the node. This is a control point. As you drag the control point, note how the shape of the line changes. The blue line in the sample above shows the progression of the line shape as you drag the control point. Release the mouse when you have the shape you desire. 


Choose the Pick Tool
Click on the Pick Tool in the Toolbox. The Pick Tool is the main selection tool in CorelDraw. When using any other tool, you can change to the Pick Tool by pressing your keyboard spacebar (CTRL spacebar when using the Text tool in Edit Mode).


Resize Object with Pick Tool
Draw a rectangle and fill with any color. Click and drag on the corner handles to change the size of the rectangle proportionately. Click and drag handles in the middle of any side to change the size of the rectangle in that direction only. 

Move Object with Pick Tool
Click and drag anywhere the rectangle to move. The outline of the object will follow the mouse on the screen for easy positioning. Release mouse button when object is in desired position.

Status and Property Bar Features
As you move or otherwise transform your objects, pay attention to the property bar above your workspace. In the sample above, note the % value which represents transformation as you are resizing an object. As soon as you release your mouse button, this value returns to 100%. It is excellent practice to pay attention to this information, as you will learn to use it for fast, precise positioning and resizing work.

Resize Text with Pick Tool
Choose the Text Tool from the Toolbox. Type the word "Sample." Choose the Pick Tool. Click and drag on the bottom right corner handle to increase the size of the text. Note the Property Bar as you resize the text. The Object Size, Position and Scale Factor changes, but toward the right end of the Property Bar, the Font Size changes as well. You can also change text size with the Text Tool.

Pick Tool Properties
Right click on the Pick Tool to open a pop-up menu. Choose Properties. You can control personal choices for the Pick Tool from this screen. Choose Treat All Objects as Filled for easy selection of objects with no fill. If you are just learning CorelDraw, it is advised to leave the other features as they are. Tutorials and the manuals assume the default settings are in place. 

Choose the Shape Tool 
Click on the Shape Tool in the Toolbox. 
Advanced Shape Tool Features
Click on the triangle at the bottom right corner of the Shape Tool to open the Shape Edit Features pop-up. This menu offers advanced functions that will not be covered in this basic tutorials, but you should be familiar with the location of all tools in the Toolbox. The tools in the menu are Shape Tool (default), Knife Tool, Eraser Tool and Free Transform Tool.

Select Nodes with Shape Tool
The Shape Tool works with Nodes within objects. Selected Nodes are shown filled with black. You can select more than one node by holding down your Shift Key as you select the second, third, etc. Or, marquee (click and drag) select over the nodes you wish to select.

Shape Tool with Text
Select the Text Tool and Type "Move." Select the Shape Tool. Select the "e" by clicking in the square to the lower left of the letter. The square will now be filled with black. Click and drag on the square to move the letter. You can use your CTRL key as you move to constrain the move along the text baseline. You can also change the size, color and many other properties of individual letters by selecting with the Shape Tool.

Shape Tool Properties
There are no properties for the Shape Tool.

Choose the Zoom Tool
Click on the Zoom Tool in the Toolbox. The Zoom Tool controls the view on your workspace and is one tool you should learn well. In CorelDraw, much of your work will toggle between close-up work and working with the entire design. Time spent learning to navigate zoom options will be repaid many times over as you work.

Mouse Zoom In
Place any object on your screen. Choose the Zoom Tool and click on the object with your left mouse button. The object will zoom in. Repeat to zoom closer. Where you click will become the center of the screen when zoomed.

Mouse Zoom Out
Click on the screen with your right mouse button. Note how the cursor icon changes from + to -. Click again to repeat. Mouse zoom out will return you to your previous view.

Marquee Zoom
Click and drag your mouse over the area of the document you would like to have fill the screen. Marquee selected zoom is usually much faster when you need to work on sections of your document and require a close view.

Zoom Property Bar
Select Zoom Tool. Note the Property Bar above your workspace. These tools provide one click access to the following (from left to right): Zoom Tool, Pan Tool (see step 7), Zoom In, Zoom Out, Display actual size, Zoom to Selected object, Zoom to All Objects, Zoom to Page, Zoom to Page Width, Zoom to Page Height, View Manager Docker window.

Drop Down View Selection
Locate the Zoom Levels fly-out box just below the Main Menu. This selection provides fast access to preset Zoom Levels. Click on the triangle to expand selection list and click on desired view level.

Pan Tool
Click on the triangle at the bottom right corner of the Zoom Tool to choose the Pan Tool. You can also click on the Pan Tool icon in the Property Bar. Click and drag anywhere on your workspace. The Pan Tool will move your document in the screen allowing you to scroll or position any portion of the document. This only affects the view, not any positioning of your objects.

Tool Properties
Right click on the Zoom or Pan Tool to open the Zoom, Pan Tool Properties window. You can change your right mouse button to provide a menu, but I do not advise this. The right mouse button is more valuable as a tool for changing view. Previous CorelDraw version users: You can check the Use Traditional Zoom Fly-out option, as this places the Property Bar tools into the fly-out as with earlier versions. However, the Property Bar provides access with one click, compared to two for the fly-out access.

Choose Freehand Tool
Click on the Freehand Tool in the Toolbox. This is your freehand drawing tool and is used to create drawn objects that are not variations of rectangles, spirals or circles.

Draw Curved Line
Choose Freehand Tool. Click and drag to draw the shape you desire. You can release the mouse button and still continue with the same object, by clicking close the the last node in the section you have just completed. The new line will automatically join to the end of the last one. In the sample above, the yellow rectangle highlights where the line was stopped and then started again.

Draw Straight Line
Click and release your mouse button to place the initial node for your line. Move your cursor to the desired end for your line. Click the mouse to place the end node. You can constrain the line to 15 degree increments by pressing your CTRL key as you position the end node (use this to create a straight line). You can also join a new line to this object as in step 2.

Create Closed Shapes: Part 1
Choose Freehand Tool. Click and drag in an approximate circular shape, but do not bring the end all the way to the starting point as in the top sample above. Click a color in the color palette at the right edge of the screen. This should fill your object with color, but since the ends are not closed, the fill does not show. Look at the bottom right of your screen to note that the color status area shows that the object is filled.

Create Closed Shapes: Part 2
Click on the Auto-Close button in the Property Bar above your workspace (icon shown highlighted with a yellow rectangle in a cutout from the Property Bar). Your object should fill as the end points are joined.

Change Outline
Find the Outline section of the Property Bar above your workspace. Click on the fly-outs to select desired outline size or style.

Freehand Tool Fly-out
Click on the triangle in the bottom right corner of the Freehand Tool to open the fly-out tool options. This presents other freehand tools, but all are outside the scope of this basic tutorial.

Freehand Tool Properties
Right click on the Freehand Tool to open the Freehand/Bezier Options window. Most of these controls are for advanced features. The Auto-join can be increased if you would like CorelDraw to automatically join nodes that are further apart.

Choose Rectangle Tool
Choose Rectangle Tool from the Toolbox.

Create Rectangle
Choose Rectangle Tool. Click and drag to create rectangle of the shape and size you desire.

Create Square
Choose Rectangle Tool. Click and drag with the CTRL key pressed down to constrain the rectangle to a square. You can also hold down the SHIFT key to have the rectangle drawn from the center out, rather than the top left corner, or use both the CTRL key and the SHIFT key together to create a square drawn from the center.

Create Rounded Corners
Draw a rectangle. Choose the Shape Tool. Click and drag on any corner handle to shape the corners. Release mouse when you achieve the desired corner roundness.

Rectangle Tool Properties
Right click on the Rectangle Tool to open the Rectangle Tool Options window. Use the slider to set the Corner Roundness.

Choose Ellipse Tool
Choose Ellipse Tool from the Toolbox.

Create Ellipse
Choose Ellipse Tool. Click and drag to create ellipse of the shape and size you desire.

Create Circle
Choose Ellipse Tool. Click and drag with the CTRL key pressed down to constrain the ellipse to a circle. You can also hold down the SHIFT key to have the ellipse drawn from the center out, rather than the top left corner, or use both the CTRL key and the SHIFT key together to create a circle drawn from the center.

Ellipse Tool Property Bar
Choose the Ellipse Tool and draw a circle. Make sure the circle is selected and locate the ellipse controls above the work screen. From left to right the tools are: Ellipse, Pie, Arc, Starting and Ending Angles and Clockwise/Counterclockwise Arcs or Pies.

Create a Pie Shaped Graphic
Draw or select an ellipse. Fill with any color. Click on the Pie icon. Change the value in the Starting Angle to 45 and in the ending angle to 325. You should have the same results as the left sample above. Duplicate your ellipse and click on the Clockwise/Counterclockwise icon to reverse the pie shaping. Fill with a different color. The new pie will fit perfectly into the original.

Create an Arc
Draw or select an ellipse. Click on the Arc icon. Change the value in the Starting Angle to 40 and in the ending angle to 295. You should have the same results as the left sample above. Duplicate your arc and click on the Clockwise/Counterclockwise icon to reverse the arc shaping. The new arc (right above) will fit perfectly into the open space of the original.

Ellipse Tool Properties
Right click on the Ellipse Tool to open the Ellipse Tool Options window. You can set the Ellipse Tool to default to the Pie or Arc ellipse types here. Instead of transforming on the screen as we did above, the Ellipse Tool will initially draw an Arc or Pie if you have specified that in the Options window.

Choose Spiral Tool
Choose the Spiral Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Polygon or Graph Paper Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Spiral Tool.

Draw a Symmetrical Spiral
Choose Spiral Tool. Choose number of revolutions for your spiral from the Property bar above the workspace. Click on the Symmetrical icon. (A symmetrical spiral has equal distance between spiral revolutions.) Click and drag on the workspace to create spiral of desired size. Hold your CTRL key down as you drag to create a spiral with a circular shape. Hold your SHIFT key down to have the spiral drawn from the center.

Draw a Logarithmic Spiral
Choose Spiral Tool. Choose number of revolutions for your spiral from the Property Bar. Click on the Logarithmic icon. (A logarithmic spiral increases the spacing on each revolution.) Choose the Spiral Extension Factor from the Property Bar. A lower number reduces space difference between revolutions. Click and drag on the workspace to create spiral of desired size. Hold your CTRL key down as you drag to create a spiral with a circular shape. Hold your SHIFT key down to draw spiral from the center.

Spiral Properties
Right click on the Spiral Tool to open the Spiral Options window. Although the Option window does not provide any features that are not available in the Property Bar, there is a preview of the resulting spiral which could save time. Also, setting properties in the Option box creates a default style, which could save time if you have many spirals of one type to create.

Choose Polygon Tool
Choose the Polygon Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Spiral or Graph Paper Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Polygon Tool.

Create Polygon
Choose Polygon Tool. Click and drag on the workspace to create a polygon of the size and shape desired. Locate Number of Points on Polygon button on the Property Bar. Increase or decrease number as desired. The changes in point numbers are instantly reflected on your object.

Create Star
Choose Polygon Tool. Click on the Polygon/Star button in the Property Bar (highlighted with yellow rectangle). Click and drag on the workspace to create a star of the size and shape desired. Locate Number of Points on Polygon button on the Property Bar. Increase or decrease number as desired. The changes in point numbers are instantly reflected on your star.

Polygon Properties
Right click on the Polygon Tool to open the Polygon Options window. The Option window only provides features that are available in the Property Bar, but there is a preview of the resulting polygon or star, which could save time. Also, setting properties in the Option box creates a default style, which can save time if you have many polygons or stars to create.

Choose Graph Paper Tool
Choose the Graph Paper Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Spiral or Polygon Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Graph Paper Tool.

Create a Grid
Choose the Graph Paper Tool. Determine the number of columns and rows you require for your grid and enter number in the Graph Paper Column and Rows box in the Property Bar. Click and drag to create a grid of the size and shape you desire.

Color the Grid
Choose the Pick Tool from the Toolbox. Click anywhere on the grid to select. Click on any color in the color palette to fill the grid with one solid color.

Color One Cell
The grid is created from several small rectangles grouped together. To fill one cell, choose the Pick Tool and, with the CTRL key pressed, click on the cell. Note how only one cell is selected. Click on any color in the color palette to fill the cell.

What is an object?
In CorelDraw, an object is any item you create or import into your document. It may be a rectangle, a circle, text, a photograph. All work in CorelDraw is done through selecting an object. Various effects can be applied to an object depending on the type of object and the tool you have selected. For this tutorial, choose the Rectangle Tool and create a rectangle. (See Rectangle Tool tutorial in this series.)

Pick Tool Selection
Choose the Pick Tool from the Toolbox and click on the rectangle. Note the 8 square "handles" that surround the square. These handles indicate that the object is active. You can resize the rectangle proportionately by clicking and dragging on the corner handles. The side handles resize only in one direction.

Move Object
Click and drag anywhere on a filled object, or on the outline of an object that has no fill to move. Release mouse button when object is in desired position. Click anywhere off the rectangle to deselect.

Rotate Object
Double click on the rectangle. Note how the handles change to double-ended arrows. This indicates that the object can be rotated or skewed. Click and drag on corner handles to rotate. Press the CTRL key while you rotate to constrain the rotation to 15 degree increments. Note the target-like icon in the middle of the rectangle when the rotate selection is active. Click and drag this icon to change the point of rotation. Click off the rectangle to deselect.

Skew Object
Double click on the rectangle and the double-ended selection arrows will appear. Click and drag on one of the side handles to skew the rectangle. Release mouse button when desired effect is created.

Shape Tool Selection
Delete the distorted rectangle. Draw a new rectangle. Choose the Shape Tool from the Toolbox and click on the rectangle. Note the selection now appears as four corner handles and dotted lines. This indicates that the object is active with the Shape Tool. Click and drag on one of the corner handles. Note how the corners become round. The Shape Tool and Pick Tool have very different functions with objects.

Node Selection
Choose the Freehand Tool from the Toolbox. Click and drag to create a curved line. (See Freehand Tool tutorial.) Release the mouse button. Choose the Shape Tool. There should be three or four blank squares along the line. These are nodes, and can be moved individually. Click on a node. Note how it becomes black, indicating that this node is active. The dotted lines coming from the node control the shape of the line (see next step). Drag the selected node a short way. Note how the line shape changes.

Controlling Curves
Click and drag the handle at the end of the dotted line coming from the node. This is a control point. As you drag the control point, note how the shape of the line changes. The blue line in the sample above shows the progression of the line shape as you drag the control point. Release the mouse when you have the shape you desire.

Choose the Pick Tool
Click on the Pick Tool in the Toolbox. The Pick Tool is the main selection tool in CorelDraw. When using any other tool, you can change to the Pick Tool by pressing your keyboard spacebar (CTRL spacebar when using the Text tool in Edit Mode).

Resize Object with Pick Tool
Draw a rectangle and fill with any color. Click and drag on the corner handles to change the size of the rectangle proportionately. Click and drag handles in the middle of any side to change the size of the rectangle in that direction only.

Move Object with Pick Tool
Click and drag anywhere the rectangle to move. The outline of the object will follow the mouse on the screen for easy positioning. Release mouse button when object is in desired position.

Status and Property Bar Features
As you move or otherwise transform your objects, pay attention to the property bar above your workspace. In the sample above, note the % value which represents transformation as you are resizing an object. As soon as you release your mouse button, this value returns to 100%. It is excellent practice to pay attention to this information, as you will learn to use it for fast, precise positioning and resizing work.

Resize Text with Pick Tool
Choose the Text Tool from the Toolbox. Type the word "Sample." Choose the Pick Tool. Click and drag on the bottom right corner handle to increase the size of the text. Note the Property Bar as you resize the text. The Object Size, Position and Scale Factor changes, but toward the right end of the Property Bar, the Font Size changes as well. You can also change text size with the Text Tool.

Pick Tool Properties
Right click on the Pick Tool to open a pop-up menu. Choose Properties. You can control personal choices for the Pick Tool from this screen. Choose Treat All Objects as Filled for easy selection of objects with no fill. If you are just learning CorelDraw, it is advised to leave the other features as they are. Tutorials and the manuals assume the default settings are in place.

Choose the Shape Tool
Click on the Shape Tool in the Toolbox.

Advanced Shape Tool Features
Click on the triangle at the bottom right corner of the Shape Tool to open the Shape Edit Features pop-up. This menu offers advanced functions that will not be covered in this basic tutorials, but you should be familiar with the location of all tools in the Toolbox. The tools in the menu are Shape Tool (default), Knife Tool, Eraser Tool and Free Transform Tool.

Select Nodes with Shape Tool
The Shape Tool works with Nodes within objects. Selected Nodes are shown filled with black. You can select more than one node by holding down your Shift Key as you select the second, third, etc. Or, marquee (click and drag) select over the nodes you wish to select.

Shape Tool with Text
Select the Text Tool and Type "Move." Select the Shape Tool. Select the "e" by clicking in the square to the lower left of the letter. The square will now be filled with black. Click and drag on the square to move the letter. You can use your CTRL key as you move to constrain the move along the text baseline. You can also change the size, color and many other properties of individual letters by selecting with the Shape Tool.

Shape Tool Properties
There are no properties for the Shape Tool.

Choose the Zoom Tool
Click on the Zoom Tool in the Toolbox. The Zoom Tool controls the view on your workspace and is one tool you should learn well. In CorelDraw, much of your work will toggle between close-up work and working with the entire design. Time spent learning to navigate zoom options will be repaid many times over as you work.

Mouse Zoom In
Place any object on your screen. Choose the Zoom Tool and click on the object with your left mouse button. The object will zoom in. Repeat to zoom closer. Where you click will become the center of the screen when zoomed.

Mouse Zoom Out
Click on the screen with your right mouse button. Note how the cursor icon changes from + to -. Click again to repeat. Mouse zoom out will return you to your previous view.

Marquee Zoom
Click and drag your mouse over the area of the document you would like to have fill the screen. Marquee selected zoom is usually much faster when you need to work on sections of your document and require a close view.

Zoom Property Bar
Select Zoom Tool. Note the Property Bar above your workspace. These tools provide one click access to the following (from left to right): Zoom Tool, Pan Tool (see step 7), Zoom In, Zoom Out, Display actual size, Zoom to Selected object, Zoom to All Objects, Zoom to Page, Zoom to Page Width, Zoom to Page Height, View Manager Docker window.

Drop Down View Selection
Locate the Zoom Levels fly-out box just below the Main Menu. This selection provides fast access to preset Zoom Levels. Click on the triangle to expand selection list and click on desired view level.

Pan Tool
Click on the triangle at the bottom right corner of the Zoom Tool to choose the Pan Tool. You can also click on the Pan Tool icon in the Property Bar. Click and drag anywhere on your workspace. The Pan Tool will move your document in the screen allowing you to scroll or position any portion of the document. This only affects the view, not any positioning of your objects.

Tool Properties
Right click on the Zoom or Pan Tool to open the Zoom, Pan Tool Properties window. You can change your right mouse button to provide a menu, but I do not advise this. The right mouse button is more valuable as a tool for changing view. Previous CorelDraw version users: You can check the Use Traditional Zoom Fly-out option, as this places the Property Bar tools into the fly-out as with earlier versions. However, the Property Bar provides access with one click, compared to two for the fly-out access.

Choose Freehand Tool
Click on the Freehand Tool in the Toolbox. This is your freehand drawing tool and is used to create drawn objects that are not variations of rectangles, spirals or circles.

Draw Curved Line
Choose Freehand Tool. Click and drag to draw the shape you desire. You can release the mouse button and still continue with the same object, by clicking close the the last node in the section you have just completed. The new line will automatically join to the end of the last one. In the sample above, the yellow rectangle highlights where the line was stopped and then started again.

Draw Straight Line
Click and release your mouse button to place the initial node for your line. Move your cursor to the desired end for your line. Click the mouse to place the end node. You can constrain the line to 15 degree increments by pressing your CTRL key as you position the end node (use this to create a straight line). You can also join a new line to this object as in step 2.

Create Closed Shapes: Part 1
Choose Freehand Tool. Click and drag in an approximate circular shape, but do not bring the end all the way to the starting point as in the top sample above. Click a color in the color palette at the right edge of the screen. This should fill your object with color, but since the ends are not closed, the fill does not show. Look at the bottom right of your screen to note that the color status area shows that the object is filled.

Create Closed Shapes: Part 2
Click on the Auto-Close button in the Property Bar above your workspace (icon shown highlighted with a yellow rectangle in a cutout from the Property Bar). Your object should fill as the end points are joined.

 Change Outline
Find the Outline section of the Property Bar above your workspace. Click on the fly-outs to select desired outline size or style.

Freehand Tool Fly-out
Click on the triangle in the bottom right corner of the Freehand Tool to open the fly-out tool options. This presents other freehand tools, but all are outside the scope of this basic tutorial.

Freehand Tool Properties
Right click on the Freehand Tool to open the Freehand/Bezier Options window. Most of these controls are for advanced features. The Auto-join can be increased if you would like CorelDraw to automatically join nodes that are further apart.

Choose Rectangle Tool
Choose Rectangle Tool from the Toolbox.

Create Rectangle
Choose Rectangle Tool. Click and drag to create rectangle of the shape and size you desire.

Create Square
Choose Rectangle Tool. Click and drag with the CTRL key pressed down to constrain the rectangle to a square. You can also hold down the SHIFT key to have the rectangle drawn from the center out, rather than the top left corner, or use both the CTRL key and the SHIFT key together to create a square drawn from the center.

Create Rounded Corners
Draw a rectangle. Choose the Shape Tool. Click and drag on any corner handle to shape the corners. Release mouse when you achieve the desired corner roundness.

Rectangle Tool Properties
Right click on the Rectangle Tool to open the Rectangle Tool Options window. Use the slider to set the Corner Roundness.

Choose Ellipse Tool
Choose Ellipse Tool from the Toolbox.

Create Ellipse
Choose Ellipse Tool. Click and drag to create ellipse of the shape and size you desire.Create Circle
Choose Ellipse Tool. Click and drag with the CTRL key pressed down to constrain the ellipse to a circle. You can also hold down the SHIFT key to have the ellipse drawn from the center out, rather than the top left corner, or use both the CTRL key and the SHIFT key together to create a circle drawn from the center.

Create Circle
Choose Ellipse Tool. Click and drag with the CTRL key pressed down to constrain the ellipse to a circle. You can also hold down the SHIFT key to have the ellipse drawn from the center out, rather than the top left corner, or use both the CTRL key and the SHIFT key together to create a circle drawn from the center.

Ellipse Tool Property Bar
Choose the Ellipse Tool and draw a circle. Make sure the circle is selected and locate the ellipse controls above the work screen. From left to right the tools are: Ellipse, Pie, Arc, Starting and Ending Angles and Clockwise/Counterclockwise Arcs or Pies.

Create a Pie Shaped Graphic
Draw or select an ellipse. Fill with any color. Click on the Pie icon. Change the value in the Starting Angle to 45 and in the ending angle to 325. You should have the same results as the left sample above. Duplicate your ellipse and click on the Clockwise/Counterclockwise icon to reverse the pie shaping. Fill with a different color. The new pie will fit perfectly into the original.

Create an Arc
Draw or select an ellipse. Click on the Arc icon. Change the value in the Starting Angle to 40 and in the ending angle to 295. You should have the same results as the left sample above. Duplicate your arc and click on the Clockwise/Counterclockwise icon to reverse the arc shaping. The new arc (right above) will fit perfectly into the open space of the original.

Ellipse Tool Properties
Right click on the Ellipse Tool to open the Ellipse Tool Options window. You can set the Ellipse Tool to default to the Pie or Arc ellipse types here. Instead of transforming on the screen as we did above, the Ellipse Tool will initially draw an Arc or Pie if you have specified that in the Options window.

Choose Spiral Tool
Choose the Spiral Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Polygon or Graph Paper Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Spiral Tool.

Draw a Symmetrical Spiral
Choose Spiral Tool. Choose number of revolutions for your spiral from the Property bar above the workspace. Click on the Symmetrical icon. (A symmetrical spiral has equal distance between spiral revolutions.) Click and drag on the workspace to create spiral of desired size. Hold your CTRL key down as you drag to create a spiral with a circular shape. Hold your SHIFT key down to have the spiral drawn from the center.

Draw a Logarithmic Spiral
Choose Spiral Tool. Choose number of revolutions for your spiral from the Property Bar. Click on the Logarithmic icon. (A logarithmic spiral increases the spacing on each revolution.) Choose the Spiral Extension Factor from the Property Bar. A lower number reduces space difference between revolutions. Click and drag on the workspace to create spiral of desired size. Hold your CTRL key down as you drag to create a spiral with a circular shape. Hold your SHIFT key down to draw spiral from the center.

Spiral Properties
Right click on the Spiral Tool to open the Spiral Options window. Although the Option window does not provide any features that are not available in the Property Bar, there is a preview of the resulting spiral which could save time. Also, setting properties in the Option box creates a default style, which could save time if you have many spirals of one type to create.

Choose Polygon Tool
Choose the Polygon Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Spiral or Graph Paper Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Polygon Tool.

Create Polygon
Choose Polygon Tool. Click and drag on the workspace to create a polygon of the size and shape desired. Locate Number of Points on Polygon button on the Property Bar. Increase or decrease number as desired. The changes in point numbers are instantly reflected on your object.

Create Star
Choose Polygon Tool. Click on the Polygon/Star button in the Property Bar (highlighted with yellow rectangle). Click and drag on the workspace to create a star of the size and shape desired. Locate Number of Points on Polygon button on the Property Bar. Increase or decrease number as desired. The changes in point numbers are instantly reflected on your star.

Polygon Properties
Right click on the Polygon Tool to open the Polygon Options window. The Option window only provides features that are available in the Property Bar, but there is a preview of the resulting polygon or star, which could save time. Also, setting properties in the Option box creates a default style, which can save time if you have many polygons or stars to create.

Choose Graph Paper Tool
Choose the Graph Paper Tool from the Toolbox. Note the position in the Toolbox. The Spiral or Polygon Tool may be showing, and you will have to click on the triangle in the bottom right corner to open the fly-out. Choose Graph Paper Tool.

Create a Grid
Choose the Graph Paper Tool. Determine the number of columns and rows you require for your grid and enter number in the Graph Paper Column and Rows box in the Property Bar. Click and drag to create a grid of the size and shape you desire.

Color the Grid
Choose the Pick Tool from the Toolbox. Click anywhere on the grid to select. Click on any color in the color palette to fill the grid with one solid color.

Color One Cell

The grid is created from several small rectangles grouped together. To fill one cell, choose the Pick Tool and, with the CTRL key pressed, click on the cell. Note how only one cell is selected. Click on any color in the color palette to fill the cell. 

Thursday, 29 December 2016

FULL FORM OF HARDWARE AND NETWORKING DEVICES AND TERMINOLOGY


AC
alternating current
ACPI
advanced configuration and power interface
ACT
activity
ADSL
asymmetrical digital subscriber line
AGP
accelerated graphics port
AMD
advanced micro devices
AMR
audio modem riser
APIPA
automatic private internet protocol addressing
APM
advanced power management
ARP
address resolution protocol
ASR
automated system recovery
AT
advanced technology
ATA
advanced technology attachment
ATAPI
advanced technology attachment packet interface
ATM
asynchronous transfer mode
ATX
advanced technology extended
BIOS
basic input/output system
BNC
Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Navel Connector
BRI
basic rate interface
BTX
balanced technology extended
CCD
charged coupled device
CD
compact disc
CD-ROM
compact disc-read-only memory
CD-RW
compact disc-rewritable
CDFS
compact disc file system
CMOS
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
CNR
communication network riser
COM1
communication port 1
CPU
central processing unit
CRIMM
continuity-rambus inline memory module
CRT
cathode-ray tube
DAC
discretionary access control
DB-25
serial communications D-shell connector, 25 pins
DB-9
9 pin D shell connector
DC
direct current
DDOS
distributed denial of service
DDR
double data-rate
DDR RAM
double data-rate random access memory
DDR SDRAM
double data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
DFS
distributed file system
DHCP
dynamic host configuration protocol
DIMM
dual inline memory module
DIN
Deutsche Industrie Norm
DIP
dual inline package
DLT
digital linear tape
DLP
digital light processing
DMA
direct memory access
DNS
domain name service or domain name server
DOS
disk operating system or denial of service
DPMS
display power management signaling
DRAM
dynamic random access memory
DSL
digital subscriber line
DVD
digital video disc or digital versatile disc
DVD-RAM
digital video disc-random access memory
DVD-ROM
digital video disc-read only memory
DVD-R
digital video disc-recordable
DVD-RW
digital video disc-rewritable
DVI
digital visual interface
ECC
error correction code
ECP
extended capabilities port
EEPROM
electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
EFS
encrypting file system
EIDE
enhanced integrated drive electronics
EISA
extended industry standard architecture
EMI
electromagnetic interference
EMP
electromagnetic pulse
EPROM
erasable programmable read-only memory
EPP
enhanced parallel port
ERD
emergency repair disk
ESD
electrostatic discharge
ESDI
enhanced small device interface
EVGA
extended video graphics adapter/array
EVDO
evolution data optimized or evolution data only
FAT
file allocation table
FAT12
12-bit file allocation table
FAT16
16-bit file allocation table
FAT32
32-bit file allocation table
FDD
floppy disk drive
FERPA
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
Fn
Function (referring to the function key on a laptop)
FPM
fast page-mode
FRU
field replaceable unit
FT
P file transfer protocol
FQDN
fully qualified domain name
GB
gigabyte
GDI
graphics device interface
GHz
gigahertz
GUI
graphical user interface
GPRS
general packet radio system
GSM
global system for mobile communications
HAL
hardware abstraction layer
HCL
hardware compatibility list
HDD
hard disk drive
HDMi
high definition media interface
HPFS
high performance file system
HTML
hypertext markup language
HTTP
hypertext transfer protocol
HTTPS
hypertext transfer protocol over secure sockets layer
I/O
input/output
ICMP
internet control message protocol
ICS
internet connection sharing
ICR
intelligent character recognition
IDE
integrated drive electronics
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IIS
Internet Information Services
IMAP
internet mail access protocol
IP
internet protocol
IPCONFIG
internet protocol configuration
IPP
internet printing protocol
IPSEC
internet protocol security
IPX
internetwork packet exchange
IPX/SPX
internetwork packet exchange/sequenced packet exchange
IR
infrared
IrDA
Infrared Data Association
IRQ
interrupt request
ISA
industry standard architecture
ISDN
integrated services digital network
ISO
Industry Standards Organization
ISP
internet service provider
KB
kilobyte
LAN
local area network
LBA
logical block addressing
LC
Lucent connector
LCD
liquid crystal display
LDAP
lightweight directory access protocol
LED
light emitting diode
LIP
or LiPoly lithium-ion polymer
Li-on
lithium-ion
LPD/LPR
line printer daemon / line printer remote
LPT
line printer terminal
LPT1
line printer terminal 1
LPX
low profile extended
LVD
low voltage differential
MAC
media access control
MAN
metropolitan area network
MAPI
messaging application programming interface
Mb
megabit
MB
megabyte
MBR
master boot record
MBSA
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
MCR
multivariant curve resolution
MFD
multi-function device
MFP
multi-function product
MHz
megahertz
MicroDIMM
micro dual inline memory module
MIDI
musical instrument digital interface
MIME
multipurpose internet mail extension
MLI
multiple link interface
MMC
Microsoft management console
MMX
multimedia extensions
MP3
Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
MPEG
Moving Picture Experts Group
MSCONFIG
Microsoft configuration
MSDS
material safety data sheet
MUI
multilingual user interface
NAS
network-attached storage
NAT
network address translation
NetBIOS
networked basic input/output system
NetBEUI
networked basic input/output system extended user interface
NFS
network file system
NIC
network interface card
NiCd
nickel cadmium
NiMH
nickel metal hydride
NLI
not logged in or natural language interface
NLX
new low-profile extended
NNTP
network news transfer protocol
NTFS
new technology file system
NTLDR
new technology loader
NWLINK
Netware Link
OCR
optical character recognition
OEM
original equipment manufacturer
OMR
optical mark recognition
OS
operating system
OSR
original equipment manufacturer service release
PAN
personal area network
PATA
parallel advanced technology attachment
PC
personal computer
PCI
peripheral component interconnect
PCIe
peripheral component interconnect express
PCIX
peripheral component interconnect extended
PCL
printer control language
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA
personal digital assistant
PGA
pin grid array
PGA2
pin grid array 2
PIN
personal identification number
PKI
public key infrastructure
PnP
plug and play
POP
post office protocol
POP3
post office protocol 3
POST
power-on self test
POTS
plain old telephone service
PPP
point-to-point protocol
PPTP
point-to-point tunneling protocol
PRI
primary rate interface
PROM
programmable read-only memory
PS/2
Personal System/2 connector
PSTN
public switched telephone network
PVC
permanent virtual circuit
PXE
preboot execution environment
QoS
quality of service
RAID
redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) discs
RAM
random access memory
RAS
remote access service
RBAC
role-based access control or rule-based access control
RDRAM
RAMBUS dynamic random access memory
RF
radio frequency
RFI
radio frequency interference
RGB
red green blue
RIMM
RAMBUS inline memory module
RIP
routing information protocol
RIS
remote installation service
RISC
reduced instruction set computer
RJ
registered jack
RJ-11
registered jack function 11
RJ-45
registered jack function 45
RMA
returned materials authorization
ROM
read only memory
RS-232 or RS-232C
recommended standard 232
RTC
real-time clock
SAN
storage area network
SATA
serial advanced technology attachment
SC
subscription channel
SCSI
small computer system interface
SCSI ID
small computer system interface identifier
SD
card secure digital card
SDRAM
synchronous dynamic random access memory
SEC
single edge connector
SFC
system file checker
SGRAM
synchronous graphics random access memory
SIMM
single inline memory module
SLI
scalable link interface or system level integration or scanline interleave mode
SMB
server message block or small to midsize business
SMTP
simple mail transport protocol
SNMP
simple network management protocol
SoDIMM
small outline dual inline memory module
SOHO
small office/home office
SP
service pack
SP1
service pack 1
SP2
service pack 2
SPDIF
Sony-Philips digital interface format
SPGA
staggered pin grid array
SPX
sequenced package exchange
SRAM
static random access memory
SSH
secure shell
SSID
service set identifier
SSL
secure sockets layer
ST
straight tip
STP
shielded twisted pair
SVGA
super video graphics array
SXGA
super extended graphics array
TB
terabyte
TCP
transmission control protocol
TCP/IP
transmission control protocol/internet protocol
TDR
time domain reflectometer
TFTP
trivial file transfer protocol
UART
universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
UDF
user defined functions or universal disk format or universal data format
UDMA
ultra direct memory access
UDP
user datagram protocol
UL
Underwriter’s Laboratory
UNC
universal naming convention
UPS
uninterruptible power supply
URL
uniform resource locator
USB
universal serial bus
USMT
user state migration tool
UTP
unshielded twisted pair
UXGA
ultra extended graphics array
VESA
Video Electronics Standards Association
VFAT
virtual file allocation table
VGA
video graphics array
VoIP
voice over internet protocol
VPN
virtual private network
VRAM
video random access memory
WAN
wide area network
WAP
wireless application protocol
WEP
wired equivalent privacy
WIFI
wireless fidelity
WINS
windows internet name service
WLAN
wireless local area network
WPA
wireless protected access
WUXGA
wide ultra extended graphics array
XGA
extended graphics array
ZIF
zero-insertion-force
ZIP
zigzag inline package