MS-Dos

                           
                               MS-DOS

Dos stands for disk operating system. Dos is the software which controls the primary input and output of your computer,while you use an application program such as word processor or data base.

Dos is a set of soft ware programs, which provides an interface between the user and the computer system.

DOS COMMAND:-
Dos commands are two types:-
Internal command.
External command.

1.INTERNAL COMMAND:-
These are also called memory resident commands. These commands are automatically loaded into the computers memory during the booting process.

2.EXTERNAL COMMAND:-
These are also called disk resident commands. These commands are meant for special purposes.

MAXIMIZE THE SCREEN:-
Alt + enter key

SYNTAX:-
The exact way of writing a command is called syntax.
C:\>
C:--- c drive
\ --- path
>--- greater than
- --- command prompt

COMMAND PROMPT:-
Any thing passed on the prompt is called command.

C:\>  CD\ ENTER KEY:- it will goes to its root directory.
C:\> CD.. ENTER KEY:- It is used for go to its parent   directory.

INTERNAL COMMAND:-

1.CLS COMMAND (CLEAR):-
It will clear the screen .
C:\> cls enter key.

2.DATE COMMAND:-
If you execute this command without giving mm\dd\yy then the system will display the current system date and it will prompt you to enter a new date. If you dont want to enter a new date then you can by pressing enter key.
C:\> date enter key.

3.TIME COMMAND:-
Time command displays the current system time and prompts you to enter a new time. If you do not want to change the change the current time, press enter. Other wise
Enter the new time in ( HH:MM:SS.C ) format, where HH is the Hour of one day in 24 hour format, MM is the minute after the hour , SS is the second after the minute  and CC is the hundreds of a second.
C:\> time enter key.

4.VERSION COMMAND:-
This command will display the name and version number of the operating system used in the system.
C:\> ver enter key.

5.VOLUME COMMAND:-
Volume command displays the currently logged drive volume label and their serial number of the disk.
C:\> vol enter key.

6. COPY CON COMMAND:-
This command will create a file with the given file name. While giving the file name you should satisfy the following condition:-
The file name is of two parts:-
1.primary.
2.extension
The primary name should 8 character and extension 3 character.
The primary and extension is separated by a dot ( .)
C:\> copy space con space file name enter key.
Write a matter.
File saved = f6 or ctrl +z

7.TYPE COMMAND:-
This command will display the contents of a given file.
C:\> type space file name enter key.

8. COPY COMMAND:-
This command will copied our file into a another file.
The contents of old file is over write in the new file.
C:\> copy space old file name space new file name enter key.

9.COMBINING  FILES:-
This command copied two files into a another new file.
C:\> copy space old file+new file space another new file name enter key.

10.RENAME COMMAND:-
This command will change the existing file name with the given new file name.
C:\> ren space old file name space new file name enter key.

11. DIRECTORY ( DIR ) COMMAND:-
C:\> dir enter key.
MD :- make directory or to create a new sub directory.
CD :- which is used to changing the current directory or display the current directory.
DIR :- display the list of files and sub directories present inside the parent.

DIR\P :- it will display the file name in page wise.
DIR\W:- it will display the file name in width wise.
DIR\AD :-it will display the all directory.
DIR\L :- it will displays the files lower cases.
DIR\-L :-it will displays the files upper cases.
DIR\S :- it will displays the files name and sub directorys of        
              Current / specified and all sub directorys.
DIR\ON :- it will displays file name in ascending order ( from    0 to 9 and a to z ).
DIR\O-N :- it will displays file name in descending order (from 9 to 0 and z to a ).
DIR\OS :- it will displays file name according to file size (smallest to largest ).
DIR\O-S :- it will displays file name in descending to file size ( largest to smallest )
DIR\OD :- it will displays file name according to date of creation of the file.( earlier file first latest file next ).
DIR\O-D :- it will displays file name according to date of creation of the file (latest file first earlier file next).
DIR\OG :- it will displays subdirectory names first and file names at the end in a group.
DIR\O-G :- it will displays file names first and sub directory names at the end in a group.

12.REMOVE ( RD ) OR DELETE (DEL ) COMMAND:-
This command is used to remove and empty directory. Before deleting a files and sub directory as well as remove the current directory.
C:\> del space file name enter key.
C:\> rd space file name enter key.
13.EXIT COMMAND:-
This command exits the ms-dos application and returns to window desktop.
C:\> exit enter key.
14. PROMPT COMMAND:-
According to specified option the prompt will be changed.
C:\> prompt space $E ==errow key
Prompt space $G ==greater than
Prompt space $L == less than
Prompt space $T == time
Prompt space $D == date
Prompt space $V == version
Prompt space $P == c:\ path
Prompt space $$ == dollar
Prompt space $N == c drive letter
Prompt space $S == space
Prompt space $Q == equal sign
Prompt space $B == vertical bar
Prompt space $L suman $G enter key
Prompt space $P$G ==C:\> ( come back to your root
          Directory).

15. DRIVE CHANGE:-
To change drive:-
C:\> D: enter key.

16.WILD CARD CHARACTER:-
Wild card characters those characters which are used for substituting one character or a set of character . These are two types:-
* :- The asterisk represents one to eight character in primary and one to three character in extension position.
? :- The question mark character represents only one character position in a file name or extension.
*:- it stands for multiple character.
?:- it stands for single character.
C:\> dir space s* enter key
C:\> dir space s*a enter key.
C:\> dir space s? Enter key
C:\> dir space s???? Enter key

17.PATH COMMAND:-
Define search path for programmes.
C:\> path enter key  ( it will display the operating system path )
If you want to terminate the path :-
C:\> path ; enter key
C:\> path enter key. (it will display the no path )
Then using ur path :-
C:\> path=c:\; c:\windows;c:\windows\command;c:\suman enterkey
C:\> path enter key ( it will display the new path ).

EXTERNAL COMMAND:-

1.COLOR COMMAND:-
Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
Foreground :- a to f color
Background :- 0 to 9 color
C:\> color space foreground background enter key
C:\> color space 1c enter key.

2.TREE COMMAND:-
This command will give the graphical representation of the directory structure.
C:\> tree enter key.
It will shows the graphical representation of the both sub directory and files.
C:\> tree/f space directory name enter key.

3. LABEL COMMAND:-
This command is used to change the volume name of the disk.
To change the name of the drive:-
C:\> label space c: suman enter key
C:\> vol enter key.

4. MODE COMMAND:-
Changing display characteristics
C:\> mode space 40 enter key
It will convert the current screen into 40 columns.
C:\> mode space 80 enter key
It will convert the current screen into 80 columns.


5. MOVE COMMAND:-
This command will move the file’s from source location to target location.

6. FILE COMPARE ( FC ) COMMAND:-
This command is used to compare the contents of two files.
C:\> fc space old file space new file enter key

Display only the first and last line for each set of difference.
C:\> fc\a space old file space new file enter key.

7.FIND COMMAND:-
This command is used to search for a given string from a file.
C:\> find space “string” space file name enter key.

8. SORT COMMAND:-
This command will received the contents from a file or a command and it will arrange in ascending order to descending order.
C:\> copy space con space filename enter key
Write a matter.
File saved= f6 or ctrl +z
C:\> sort space file name enter key
C:\> sort/r space file name enter key.
It will display sorts in reverse order descending to ascending order (z to a or 9 to 0 ).

9. MORE COMMAND:-
This command is used to display the contents of a file or output of a command in page wise.
C:\> type space file name | more enter

Displays list of files and directory names in page wise instead of continuous scrolling.
C:\> dir | more enter key.

10. EDIT COMMAND:-
Edit is a utility program which comes under ms-dos using this edit program user can create files,modified the existing files and print the contents of a file.
( file,edit,view,search,option,help ).
C:\> edit space file name enter key.

11. PAUSE COMMAND:-
Suspends processing of a batch program and displays a message that prompts the user to press any key to continue. You can use this command only with in batch programs.
C:\> pause enter
  Press any key to continue...

To the batch file, it gives a temporary break and prompts the user to continue the program. Ms-dos displays the following message in response to the pause command.

12. BATCH FILE:-
If you want to execute a file which is having .bat as extension than the primary name of the command prompt .
A batch file is created to a repeatedly all the dos command can be used in batch file.
C:\> copy con  suman.bat enter
Date
Time
Ver
Pause
Vol
Copy con file name
Pause
Type file name
Pause
File saved = f6 or ctrl+z.

C:\> suman enter
( it will display the batch file command ).